TY - JOUR
T1 - A 16-Gb/s 14.7-mW Tri-Band Cognitive Serial Link Transmitter with Forwarded Clock to Enable PAM-16/256-QAM and Channel Response Detection
AU - Du, Yuan
AU - Cho, Wei Han
AU - Huang, Po Tsang
AU - Li, Yilei
AU - Wong, Chien Heng
AU - Du, Jieqiong
AU - Kim, Yanghyo
AU - Hu, Boyu
AU - Du, Li
AU - Liu, Chunchen
AU - Lee, Sheau Jiung
AU - Chang, Mau Chung Frank
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 IEEE.
PY - 2017/4
Y1 - 2017/4
N2 - A cognitive tri-band transmitter (TX) with a forwarded clock using multiband signaling and high-order digital signal modulations is presented for serial link applications. The TX features learning an arbitrary channel response by sending a sweep of continuous wave, detecting power level at the receiver side, and then adapting modulation scheme, data bandwidth, and carrier frequencies accordingly based on detected channel information. The supported modulation scheme ranges from nonreturn to zero/Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) to Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) 16/256-Quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM). The proposed highly reconfigurable TX is capable of dealing with low-cost serial channels, such as low-cost connectors, cables, or multidrop buses with deep and narrow notches in the frequency domain (e.g., a 40-dB loss at notches). The adaptive multiband scheme mitigates equalization requirements and enhances the energy efficiency by avoiding frequency notches and utilizing the maximum available signal-to-noise ratio and channel bandwidth. The implemented TX prototype consumes a 14.7-mW power and occupies 0.016 mm2 in a 28-nm CMOS. It achieves a maximum data rate of 16 Gb/s with forwarded clock through one differential pair and the most energy efficient figure of merit of 20.4 μW/Gb/s/dB, which is calculated based on power consumption of transmitting per gigabits per second data and simultaneously overcoming per decibel worst case channel loss within the Nyquist frequency.
AB - A cognitive tri-band transmitter (TX) with a forwarded clock using multiband signaling and high-order digital signal modulations is presented for serial link applications. The TX features learning an arbitrary channel response by sending a sweep of continuous wave, detecting power level at the receiver side, and then adapting modulation scheme, data bandwidth, and carrier frequencies accordingly based on detected channel information. The supported modulation scheme ranges from nonreturn to zero/Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) to Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) 16/256-Quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM). The proposed highly reconfigurable TX is capable of dealing with low-cost serial channels, such as low-cost connectors, cables, or multidrop buses with deep and narrow notches in the frequency domain (e.g., a 40-dB loss at notches). The adaptive multiband scheme mitigates equalization requirements and enhances the energy efficiency by avoiding frequency notches and utilizing the maximum available signal-to-noise ratio and channel bandwidth. The implemented TX prototype consumes a 14.7-mW power and occupies 0.016 mm2 in a 28-nm CMOS. It achieves a maximum data rate of 16 Gb/s with forwarded clock through one differential pair and the most energy efficient figure of merit of 20.4 μW/Gb/s/dB, which is calculated based on power consumption of transmitting per gigabits per second data and simultaneously overcoming per decibel worst case channel loss within the Nyquist frequency.
KW - Cognitive
KW - continuous-time linear equalization (CTLE)
KW - decision feedback equalization (DFE)
KW - digital modulation
KW - energy efficiency
KW - feedforward equalization (FFE)
KW - forwarded clock
KW - Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)
KW - memory interface
KW - multiband signaling
KW - multidrop bus (MDB)
KW - multilevel signaling
KW - nonreturn to zero (NRZ)
KW - pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM)
KW - quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
KW - serial link
KW - source synchronous
KW - transmitter (TX)
KW - uW/Gb/s/dB
KW - wireline
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85000968654&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/JSSC.2016.2628049
DO - 10.1109/JSSC.2016.2628049
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85000968654
SN - 0018-9200
VL - 52
SP - 1111
EP - 1122
JO - IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
JF - IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
IS - 4
M1 - 7765148
ER -