TY - JOUR
T1 - A 183-GHz InP/CMOS-Hybrid Heterodyne-Spectrometer for Spaceborne Atmospheric Remote Sensing
AU - Kim, Yanghyo
AU - Zhang, Yan
AU - Reck, Theodore James
AU - Nemchick, Deacon J.
AU - Chattopadhyay, Goutam
AU - Drouin, Brian
AU - Chang, Mau Chung Frank
AU - Tang, Adrian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2011-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2019/5
Y1 - 2019/5
N2 - A complete 183-GHz CMOS/Indium Phosphide (InP) hybrid heterodyne-spectrometer is realized for spaceborne atmospheric remote sensing applications. It captures spontaneous emission from thermally populated pure rotational states for investigating Earth/planetary atmosphere and interstellar media. Recent missions such as the heterodyne instrument for far-infrared, the microwave limb sounder, and the microwave instrument for Rosetta orbiter highlighted the wealth of scientific knowledge that can be attained by utilizing heterodyne-spectrometers. However, major challenges still remain in mission cost, instrument size, weight, and power (SWaP). Highly integrated CMOS circuits are designed to prototype a low-cost/SWaP spectrometer system and conduct challenging science missions. Within the prototype system, a 183-GHz receiver with a frequency synthesizer is designed in the 28-nm CMOS, and a back-end 6-GS/s 4096-point spectrometer processor is designed in the 65-nm CMOS. The receiver's center frequency is tunable from 180 to 200 GHz. An external InP low-noise amplifier is added at the front-end to provide the required receiver sensitivity. The demonstrated 28-nm CMOS receiver and 65-nm CMOS spectrometer consume 515 mW under 1.5/1.15-V and 1500 mW under 1 V supply, respectively. The complete system achieves 700 to 1000 K noise temperature within the interested bandwidth and RMS uncertainty improvement up to 10 s integration according to the Allan deviation measurements. The spectrometer's capability in detecting gas phase molecular compounds is verified with laboratory trials employing water (H 2 O) and methyl-cyanide (CH 3 CN).
AB - A complete 183-GHz CMOS/Indium Phosphide (InP) hybrid heterodyne-spectrometer is realized for spaceborne atmospheric remote sensing applications. It captures spontaneous emission from thermally populated pure rotational states for investigating Earth/planetary atmosphere and interstellar media. Recent missions such as the heterodyne instrument for far-infrared, the microwave limb sounder, and the microwave instrument for Rosetta orbiter highlighted the wealth of scientific knowledge that can be attained by utilizing heterodyne-spectrometers. However, major challenges still remain in mission cost, instrument size, weight, and power (SWaP). Highly integrated CMOS circuits are designed to prototype a low-cost/SWaP spectrometer system and conduct challenging science missions. Within the prototype system, a 183-GHz receiver with a frequency synthesizer is designed in the 28-nm CMOS, and a back-end 6-GS/s 4096-point spectrometer processor is designed in the 65-nm CMOS. The receiver's center frequency is tunable from 180 to 200 GHz. An external InP low-noise amplifier is added at the front-end to provide the required receiver sensitivity. The demonstrated 28-nm CMOS receiver and 65-nm CMOS spectrometer consume 515 mW under 1.5/1.15-V and 1500 mW under 1 V supply, respectively. The complete system achieves 700 to 1000 K noise temperature within the interested bandwidth and RMS uncertainty improvement up to 10 s integration according to the Allan deviation measurements. The spectrometer's capability in detecting gas phase molecular compounds is verified with laboratory trials employing water (H 2 O) and methyl-cyanide (CH 3 CN).
KW - Allan deviation
KW - analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
KW - complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)
KW - fast Fourier transform (FFT)
KW - frequency switching
KW - frequency synthesizer
KW - heterodyne receiver
KW - indium phosphide (InP) low-noise amplifier (LNA)
KW - noise temperature
KW - power spectral density (PSD)
KW - remote sensing
KW - rotational spectroscopy
KW - spectrometer
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U2 - 10.1109/TTHZ.2019.2910988
DO - 10.1109/TTHZ.2019.2910988
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85064612734
SN - 2156-342X
VL - 9
SP - 313
EP - 334
JO - IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology
JF - IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology
IS - 3
M1 - 8691603
ER -