A 28nm CMOS Almost All-Digital 0.5 to 4.0 GHz Ultra-Wideband Ground Penetrating Radar for Lunar Surface Exploration

Adrian Tang; Arhison Bharathan; Zachary Gonzalez-Ruskiewicz; Omid Janani; Christopher Kniss; Yanghyo Kim

doi:10.1109/IMS40360.2025.11103973

A 28nm CMOS Almost All-Digital 0.5 to 4.0 GHz Ultra-Wideband Ground Penetrating Radar for Lunar Surface Exploration

Adrian Tang
, Arhison Bharathan
, Zachary Gonzalez-Ruskiewicz
, Omid Janani
, Christopher Kniss
, Yanghyo Kim

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
University of California at Los Angeles
Stevens Institute of Technology

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper presents a nearly all-digital ultra-wideband (UWB) ground penetrating radar (GPR) for locating and surveying ice on the lunar surface in support of future human exploration missions. The digital nature of the radar allows it to operate at the low temperatures expected in the permanently shaded regions (PSRs) of the lunar surface where ice deposits are prevalent. The radar uses a SAR ADC with only two analog components combined with an all-digital transmitter implemented in a 28nm CMOS. The radar operates at 0.5 to 4.0 GHz (antenna limited), was tested to -50°C and shown to provide resolution of 3 cm while consuming only 620mW of DC power.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, IMS 2025
Pages	1036-1038
Number of pages	3
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331514099
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS40360.2025.11103973
State	Published - 2025
Event	2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, IMS 2025 - San Francisco, United States Duration: 15 Jun 2025 → 20 Jun 2025

Publication series

Name	IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest
ISSN (Print)	0149-645X

Conference

Conference	2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, IMS 2025
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Francisco
Period	15/06/25 → 20/06/25

Keywords

GPR Radar All Digital Ultrawideband

Access to Document

10.1109/IMS40360.2025.11103973

Cite this

Tang, A., Bharathan, A., Gonzalez-Ruskiewicz, Z., Janani, O., Kniss, C., & Kim, Y. (2025). A 28nm CMOS Almost All-Digital 0.5 to 4.0 GHz Ultra-Wideband Ground Penetrating Radar for Lunar Surface Exploration. In 2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, IMS 2025 (pp. 1036-1038). (IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest). https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS40360.2025.11103973

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title = "A 28nm CMOS Almost All-Digital 0.5 to 4.0 GHz Ultra-Wideband Ground Penetrating Radar for Lunar Surface Exploration",

abstract = "This paper presents a nearly all-digital ultra-wideband (UWB) ground penetrating radar (GPR) for locating and surveying ice on the lunar surface in support of future human exploration missions. The digital nature of the radar allows it to operate at the low temperatures expected in the permanently shaded regions (PSRs) of the lunar surface where ice deposits are prevalent. The radar uses a SAR ADC with only two analog components combined with an all-digital transmitter implemented in a 28nm CMOS. The radar operates at 0.5 to 4.0 GHz (antenna limited), was tested to -50°C and shown to provide resolution of 3 cm while consuming only 620mW of DC power.",

keywords = "GPR Radar All Digital Ultrawideband",

author = "Adrian Tang and Arhison Bharathan and Zachary Gonzalez-Ruskiewicz and Omid Janani and Christopher Kniss and Yanghyo Kim",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.; 2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, IMS 2025 ; Conference date: 15-06-2025 Through 20-06-2025",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/IMS40360.2025.11103973",

language = "English",

series = "IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest",

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Tang, A, Bharathan, A, Gonzalez-Ruskiewicz, Z, Janani, O, Kniss, C & Kim, Y 2025, A 28nm CMOS Almost All-Digital 0.5 to 4.0 GHz Ultra-Wideband Ground Penetrating Radar for Lunar Surface Exploration. in 2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, IMS 2025. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 1036-1038, 2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, IMS 2025, San Francisco, United States, 15/06/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS40360.2025.11103973

A 28nm CMOS Almost All-Digital 0.5 to 4.0 GHz Ultra-Wideband Ground Penetrating Radar for Lunar Surface Exploration. / Tang, Adrian; Bharathan, Arhison; Gonzalez-Ruskiewicz, Zachary et al.
2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, IMS 2025. 2025. p. 1036-1038 (IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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AU - Janani, Omid

AU - Kniss, Christopher

AU - Kim, Yanghyo

PY - 2025

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N2 - This paper presents a nearly all-digital ultra-wideband (UWB) ground penetrating radar (GPR) for locating and surveying ice on the lunar surface in support of future human exploration missions. The digital nature of the radar allows it to operate at the low temperatures expected in the permanently shaded regions (PSRs) of the lunar surface where ice deposits are prevalent. The radar uses a SAR ADC with only two analog components combined with an all-digital transmitter implemented in a 28nm CMOS. The radar operates at 0.5 to 4.0 GHz (antenna limited), was tested to -50°C and shown to provide resolution of 3 cm while consuming only 620mW of DC power.

AB - This paper presents a nearly all-digital ultra-wideband (UWB) ground penetrating radar (GPR) for locating and surveying ice on the lunar surface in support of future human exploration missions. The digital nature of the radar allows it to operate at the low temperatures expected in the permanently shaded regions (PSRs) of the lunar surface where ice deposits are prevalent. The radar uses a SAR ADC with only two analog components combined with an all-digital transmitter implemented in a 28nm CMOS. The radar operates at 0.5 to 4.0 GHz (antenna limited), was tested to -50°C and shown to provide resolution of 3 cm while consuming only 620mW of DC power.

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A 28nm CMOS Almost All-Digital 0.5 to 4.0 GHz Ultra-Wideband Ground Penetrating Radar for Lunar Surface Exploration

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