A charge-based mechanistic study into the effects of process parameters on fiber accumulating geometry for a melt electrohydrodynamic process

Melt electrohydrodynamic processes, in conjunction with a moveable collector, have promising engineered tissue applications. However, the residual charges within the fibers deteriorate its printing fidelity. To clarify the mechanism through which the residual charges play roles and exclude the confounding effects of collector movement, a stationary printing mode is adopted in which fibers deposit on a stationary collector. Effects of process parameters on generalizable printing outcomes are studied herein. The fiber deposit bears a unique shape signature typified by a central cone surrounded by an outer ring and is characterized by a ratio of its height and base diameter H_dep /D_dep . Results indicate H_dep /D_dep increases with collector temperature and decreases slightly with voltage. Moreover, the steady-state dynamic jet deposition process is recorded and analyzed at different collector temperatures. A charge-based polarization mechanism describing the effect of collector temperature on the fiber accumulating shape is apparent in both initial and steady-state phases of fiber deposition. Therefore, a key outcome of this study is the identification and mechanistic understanding of collector temperature as a tunable process variable that can yield predictable structural outcomes. This may have cross-cutting potential for additive manufacturing process applications such as the melt electrowriting of layered scaffolds.