A Review on Control Schemes of HVDC-Integrated Offshore Wind Farms for Fast Frequency Support

The power grid has been gradually transitioning to a highly renewable penetrated system with low inertia, vast power electronic devices, and weak synchronization. Under this background and with the emerging interest in offshore wind development, offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are called to provide frequency support for maintaining onshore AC system frequency stability. This paper summarizes the latest research efforts on high-voltage direct current (HVDC) integrated offshore wind farm (OWF) controls to provide fast frequency support. The main components of HVDC-integrated OWFs are first introduced, followed by an in-depth discussion on various control models and schemes of OWTs, focusing on the current technological trends and issues faced in this field. The paper concludes by viewing the emerging challenges and future research directions.