Accounting's tower of babel: Key considerations in assessing Non-GAAP earnings

The increasingly pervasive reporting of non-GAAP earnings poses fundamental challenges for investors and analysts. Non-GAAP earnings lack comparability, and related disclosures lack sufficient transparency to add comparability. In addition, non-GAAP earnings disclosures may raise potentially troubling questions about management's motivation. We incorporate relevant research in our discussion and conclude with key prescriptions in assessing non-GAAP earnings.