Acellular polycaprolactone scaffolds laden with fibroblast/endothelial cell-derived extracellular matrix for bone regeneration

Radoslaw Junka, Kristian Quevada, Xiaojun Yu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

Inconsistencies in graft osteoconduction and osteoinduction present a clinical challenge in regeneration of large bone defects. Deposition of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) on tissue engineered scaffolds offers an alternative approach that can enhance these properties by mimicking bone's molecular complexity and direct infiltrating cells to repair damaged bone. However, dECMs derived from homogenous cell populations do not adequately simulate the heterogeneous and vascularized microenvironment of the bone. In this study, successive culture and decellularization of fibroblasts and endothelial cells (ECs) grown on polycaprolactone microfibers was used to develop a bioactive scaffold with heterogeneous dECM mimicking endothelial basement membrane. These scaffolds had greater amount of protein and minimally increased nucleic acid content than scaffolds with homogenous culture dECM. Coomassie Blue and antibody staining revealed extensive tube formation by ECs on fibroblast dECM. Fibroblast/endothelial dECM significantly enhanced osteoblast attachment, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin- and osteopontin-positive extracellular mineral deposits. We demonstrated that the osteoconduction of dECMs can be tailored with the appropriate combination of cells to accelerate osteoblast mineral secretion. The overall concept can be expanded to generate increasingly more complex tissue constructs for regeneration of bone defects and other vascularized tissues.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)351-364
Number of pages14
JournalJournal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A
Volume108
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Feb 2020

Keywords

  • bone tissue engineering
  • decellularization
  • extracellular matrix
  • osteoblasts
  • vascularization

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