TY - GEN
T1 - Can Classical Initialization Help Variational Quantum Circuits Escape the Barren Plateau?
AU - Peng, Yifeng
AU - Li, Xinyi
AU - Zhang, Zhemin
AU - Chen, Samuel Yen Chi
AU - Liang, Zhiding
AU - Wang, Ying
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 IEEE.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a leading paradigm in near-term quantum computing, yet their performance can be hindered by the so-called barren plateau problem, where gradients vanish exponentially with system size or circuit depth. While most existing VQA research employs simple Gaussian or zero-initialization schemes, classical deep learning has long benefited from sophisticated weight initialization strategies such as Xavier, He, and orthogonal initialization to improve gradient flow and expedite convergence. In this work, we systematically investigate whether these classical methods can mitigate barren plateaus in quantum circuits. We first review each initialization's theoretical grounding and outline how to adapt the notions from neural networks to VQAs. We then conduct extensive numerical experiments on various circuit architectures and optimization tasks. Our findings indicate that while the initial heuristics, inspired by classical initialization, yield moderate improvements in certain experiments, their overall benefits remain marginal. By outlining a preliminary exploration plan in this paper, we aim to offer the research community a broader perspective and accessible demonstrations. Furthermore, we propose future research directions that may be further refined by leveraging the insights gained from this work.
AB - Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a leading paradigm in near-term quantum computing, yet their performance can be hindered by the so-called barren plateau problem, where gradients vanish exponentially with system size or circuit depth. While most existing VQA research employs simple Gaussian or zero-initialization schemes, classical deep learning has long benefited from sophisticated weight initialization strategies such as Xavier, He, and orthogonal initialization to improve gradient flow and expedite convergence. In this work, we systematically investigate whether these classical methods can mitigate barren plateaus in quantum circuits. We first review each initialization's theoretical grounding and outline how to adapt the notions from neural networks to VQAs. We then conduct extensive numerical experiments on various circuit architectures and optimization tasks. Our findings indicate that while the initial heuristics, inspired by classical initialization, yield moderate improvements in certain experiments, their overall benefits remain marginal. By outlining a preliminary exploration plan in this paper, we aim to offer the research community a broader perspective and accessible demonstrations. Furthermore, we propose future research directions that may be further refined by leveraging the insights gained from this work.
KW - Barren Plateau
KW - Initialization Methods
KW - Variational Quantum Algorithms
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105030169490
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105030169490#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1109/QCE65121.2025.00188
DO - 10.1109/QCE65121.2025.00188
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:105030169490
T3 - Proceedings - IEEE Quantum Week 2025, QCE 2025
SP - 1708
EP - 1714
BT - Technical Papers Program
A2 - Culhane, Candace
A2 - Byrd, Greg
A2 - Muller, Hausi
A2 - Delgado, Andrea
A2 - Eidenbenz, Stephan
T2 - 6th IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering, QCE 2025
Y2 - 31 August 2025 through 5 September 2025
ER -