Can I catch up later? Design of personalized intervention for online learning using eye-tracking-based video reconstruction and replay

While online learning allows learners to access materials flexibly and at their own pace, many struggle to self-regulate without supervision. Real-time interventions like pop-out quizzes, screen flashes, and text warnings aim to improve attention focus but risk distracting learners and segmenting the learning process. Despite eye-tracking technology being widely used for real-time intervention design, its potential for delayed and personalized interventions remains underexplored. To address this gap, we proposed and tested an eye-tracking-based video reconstruction and replay (EVRR) method, offering targeted review at the end of online classes without disrupting the learning process. EVRR shows significant positive effects on improving learning outcomes compared to self-paced reviews, especially for learners who are unfamiliar with the concepts.