Composting of energetic materials

Composting has been used for centuries for stabilization of organic residues and production of a humus-like end product traditionally used as a soil conditioner. The process may be successfully adopted for the treatment of solid organic matrices contaminated with various hazardous wastes including energetic materials. Composting methods and their application for treatment of energetic materials are reviewed along with design methodologies. The design and operation of composting facilities for treatment of energetic materials must be based on thermodynamic, kinetic, public health and aesthetic principles. A generalized design methodology is presented. Composting treatability studies are necessary for derivation of thermodynamic and kinetic data. Concerns related to production and fate of metabolites require a careful study and should be always addressed. Ultimate disposal of composted energetic materials must be studied extensively.