Detection of external refractive index change with high sensitivity using long-period gratings in photonic crystal fiber

Yinian Zhu; Zonghu He; Henry Du

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2007.11.040

Detection of external refractive index change with high sensitivity using long-period gratings in photonic crystal fiber

Yinian Zhu, Zonghu He, Henry Du

Stevens Institute of Technology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

56 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report that the proposed long-period gratings (LPGs), which were fabricated in an endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber (ESM-PCF) via point-by-point residual stress relaxation utilizing focused CO₂ laser irradiation, exhibit a high sensitivity to variations in the external refractive index, with an identified shifting of attenuation band as large as 4.4 pm for 1 × 10^-5 change in the surrounding refractive index over the range from 1.42 to 1.45. Contrary to LPGs inscribed in conventional all-solid optical fiber under similar condition, the mode-coupling resonance band of the ESM-PCF-LPG moves towards longer wavelength with increasing refractive index in the surrounding medium of the fiber cladding. The resonance wavelength has a low-temperature coefficient of 2.2 pm/°C over 30-200 °C.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	265-269
Number of pages	5
Journal	Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical
Volume	131
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2007.11.040
State	Published - 14 Apr 2008

Keywords

Long-period gratings
Optical fiber sensors
Photonic crystal fiber
Refractometry

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10.1016/j.snb.2007.11.040

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title = "Detection of external refractive index change with high sensitivity using long-period gratings in photonic crystal fiber",

abstract = "We report that the proposed long-period gratings (LPGs), which were fabricated in an endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber (ESM-PCF) via point-by-point residual stress relaxation utilizing focused CO2 laser irradiation, exhibit a high sensitivity to variations in the external refractive index, with an identified shifting of attenuation band as large as 4.4 pm for 1 × 10-5 change in the surrounding refractive index over the range from 1.42 to 1.45. Contrary to LPGs inscribed in conventional all-solid optical fiber under similar condition, the mode-coupling resonance band of the ESM-PCF-LPG moves towards longer wavelength with increasing refractive index in the surrounding medium of the fiber cladding. The resonance wavelength has a low-temperature coefficient of 2.2 pm/°C over 30-200 °C.",

keywords = "Long-period gratings, Optical fiber sensors, Photonic crystal fiber, Refractometry",

author = "Yinian Zhu and Zonghu He and Henry Du",

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AU - Zhu, Yinian

AU - He, Zonghu

AU - Du, Henry

PY - 2008/4/14

Y1 - 2008/4/14

N2 - We report that the proposed long-period gratings (LPGs), which were fabricated in an endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber (ESM-PCF) via point-by-point residual stress relaxation utilizing focused CO2 laser irradiation, exhibit a high sensitivity to variations in the external refractive index, with an identified shifting of attenuation band as large as 4.4 pm for 1 × 10-5 change in the surrounding refractive index over the range from 1.42 to 1.45. Contrary to LPGs inscribed in conventional all-solid optical fiber under similar condition, the mode-coupling resonance band of the ESM-PCF-LPG moves towards longer wavelength with increasing refractive index in the surrounding medium of the fiber cladding. The resonance wavelength has a low-temperature coefficient of 2.2 pm/°C over 30-200 °C.

AB - We report that the proposed long-period gratings (LPGs), which were fabricated in an endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber (ESM-PCF) via point-by-point residual stress relaxation utilizing focused CO2 laser irradiation, exhibit a high sensitivity to variations in the external refractive index, with an identified shifting of attenuation band as large as 4.4 pm for 1 × 10-5 change in the surrounding refractive index over the range from 1.42 to 1.45. Contrary to LPGs inscribed in conventional all-solid optical fiber under similar condition, the mode-coupling resonance band of the ESM-PCF-LPG moves towards longer wavelength with increasing refractive index in the surrounding medium of the fiber cladding. The resonance wavelength has a low-temperature coefficient of 2.2 pm/°C over 30-200 °C.

KW - Long-period gratings

KW - Optical fiber sensors

KW - Photonic crystal fiber

KW - Refractometry

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JO - Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical

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Detection of external refractive index change with high sensitivity using long-period gratings in photonic crystal fiber

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Keywords

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