TY - JOUR
T1 - Developing guidance for the application of Natural and Nature Based Features (NNBF) on developed shores
T2 - A case study from New Jersey, USA
AU - Bredes, Amy
AU - Miller, Jon K.
AU - Kerr, Laura
AU - Gannon, Katherine
AU - Day, Ian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023/9
Y1 - 2023/9
N2 - Developed shorelines represent a significant proportion (14%) of the world's shorelines. Historically these shores have been tamed or hardened using a variety of engineering interventions. Often these interventions have negative impacts on the local ecology. New Jersey (USA) is the most densely populated state in the United States, and not surprisingly has one of the highest percentages (34%) of hardened shorelines. In 2013, New Jersey created a set of engineering guidelines to promote the use of living shorelines and natural and nature-based features (NNBF) in the state. Like most similar documents, the guidance focused on more natural, estuarine, and bay shorelines. Recognizing that many of the traditional NNBF techniques described in the guidelines were less appropriate for developed shorelines, the state recently created a separate set of guidelines for developed shores. That document synthesizes information from peer-reviewed and gray literature, with lessons learned from six case studies to generate guidance for the application of NNBF along the developed shores of New Jersey. The resulting guidance is founded on three core Guiding Principles: (1) Maintain/Restore Natural areas, (2) Design for Resilience and Adaptability, (3) Monitor and Assess; and six recommended Design Elements: (1) Allow Light Penetration, (2) Use Alternative Materials, (3) Increase Surface Roughness, (4) Increase Water Retention, (5) Reduce Slope, and (6) Introduce Curvature. The guidance recommends that all developed shoreline NNBF projects in the state adhere to the Guiding Principles and that they consider applying the Design Elements where appropriate. This article provides an overview of these guidelines in hope of encouraging more NNBF projects on developed coasts and provide a clearer starting point for the design of those NNBF projects.
AB - Developed shorelines represent a significant proportion (14%) of the world's shorelines. Historically these shores have been tamed or hardened using a variety of engineering interventions. Often these interventions have negative impacts on the local ecology. New Jersey (USA) is the most densely populated state in the United States, and not surprisingly has one of the highest percentages (34%) of hardened shorelines. In 2013, New Jersey created a set of engineering guidelines to promote the use of living shorelines and natural and nature-based features (NNBF) in the state. Like most similar documents, the guidance focused on more natural, estuarine, and bay shorelines. Recognizing that many of the traditional NNBF techniques described in the guidelines were less appropriate for developed shorelines, the state recently created a separate set of guidelines for developed shores. That document synthesizes information from peer-reviewed and gray literature, with lessons learned from six case studies to generate guidance for the application of NNBF along the developed shores of New Jersey. The resulting guidance is founded on three core Guiding Principles: (1) Maintain/Restore Natural areas, (2) Design for Resilience and Adaptability, (3) Monitor and Assess; and six recommended Design Elements: (1) Allow Light Penetration, (2) Use Alternative Materials, (3) Increase Surface Roughness, (4) Increase Water Retention, (5) Reduce Slope, and (6) Introduce Curvature. The guidance recommends that all developed shoreline NNBF projects in the state adhere to the Guiding Principles and that they consider applying the Design Elements where appropriate. This article provides an overview of these guidelines in hope of encouraging more NNBF projects on developed coasts and provide a clearer starting point for the design of those NNBF projects.
KW - Developed
KW - Living shorelines
KW - NNBF
KW - Urban
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U2 - 10.1016/j.rsma.2023.102959
DO - 10.1016/j.rsma.2023.102959
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85153208879
VL - 62
JO - Regional Studies in Marine Science
JF - Regional Studies in Marine Science
M1 - 102959
ER -