Dynamical invariants in a non-Markovian quantum-state-diffusion equation

We find dynamical invariants for open quantum systems described by the non-Markovian quantum-state-diffusion (QSD) equation. In stark contrast to closed systems where the dynamical invariant can be identical to the system density operator, these dynamical invariants no longer share the equation of motion for the density operator. Moreover, the invariants obtained with a biorthonormal basis can be used to render an exact solution to the QSD equation and the corresponding non-Markovian dynamics without using master equations or numerical simulations. Significantly we show that we can apply these dynamical invariants to reverse engineering a Hamiltonian that is capable of driving the system to the target state, providing a different way to design control strategy for open quantum systems.