TY - JOUR
T1 - Evidence for elevated coastal vulnerability following large-scale historical oyster bed harvesting
AU - Brandon, Christine M.
AU - Woodruff, Jonathan D.
AU - Orton, Philip M.
AU - Donnelly, Jeffrey P.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PY - 2016/6/30
Y1 - 2016/6/30
N2 - Living coastal barriers, such as coral reefs, tidal marshes, mangroves and shellfish beds are widely recognized for their potential role in mitigating flood risk. Limited data exists, however, for assessing the effectiveness of these natural defenses as forms of flood mitigation. In particular, very few mature shellfish beds exist today for modern study due to their destruction in the past few centuries. As an alternative method of study, we present here sedimentary reconstructions of storm overwash from coastal ponds internal to New York Harbor. We use these reconstructions to show that the initial degradation of oyster beds following European settlement of the area coincides with a significant increase in wave-derived overwash deposition at all three of our field sites. Numerical simulations of two flood events of record in the harbor (Hurricane Sandy and a severe winter storm in 1992) were run without and with oyster beds of varying heights (1 m above the seafloor-to-intertidal). Simulations show that the removal of these oyster beds increases wave energy directly off-shore of our field sites by between 30% and 200%. Sedimentary reconstructions and wave modeling experiments therefore both support oyster beds serving as a significant form of coastal protection prior to European disturbance.
AB - Living coastal barriers, such as coral reefs, tidal marshes, mangroves and shellfish beds are widely recognized for their potential role in mitigating flood risk. Limited data exists, however, for assessing the effectiveness of these natural defenses as forms of flood mitigation. In particular, very few mature shellfish beds exist today for modern study due to their destruction in the past few centuries. As an alternative method of study, we present here sedimentary reconstructions of storm overwash from coastal ponds internal to New York Harbor. We use these reconstructions to show that the initial degradation of oyster beds following European settlement of the area coincides with a significant increase in wave-derived overwash deposition at all three of our field sites. Numerical simulations of two flood events of record in the harbor (Hurricane Sandy and a severe winter storm in 1992) were run without and with oyster beds of varying heights (1 m above the seafloor-to-intertidal). Simulations show that the removal of these oyster beds increases wave energy directly off-shore of our field sites by between 30% and 200%. Sedimentary reconstructions and wave modeling experiments therefore both support oyster beds serving as a significant form of coastal protection prior to European disturbance.
KW - environmental change
KW - hurricanes
KW - oyster bed
KW - sediment deposition
KW - wave modeling
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U2 - 10.1002/esp.3931
DO - 10.1002/esp.3931
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84979487495
SN - 0197-9337
VL - 41
SP - 1136
EP - 1143
JO - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
IS - 8
ER -