Ion cyclotron range of frequencies heating and current drive in deuterium-tritium plasmas

The first experiments utilizing high-power radio waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies to heat deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas have been completed on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [Fusion Technol. 21, 13 (1992)]. Results from the initial series of experiments have demonstrated efficient core second harmonic tritium (2Ω_T) heating in parameter regimes approaching those anticipated for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor [D. E. Post, Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference, Washington, DC, 1990 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 3, p. 239]. Observations are consistent with modeling predictions for these plasmas. Efficient electron heating via mode conversion of fast waves to ion Bernstein waves has been observed in D-T, deuterium-deuterium (D-D), and deuterium-helium-4 (D-⁴He) plasmas with high concentrations of minority helium-3 (³He) (n_3He/n_e > 10%). Mode conversion current drive in D-T plasmas was simulated with experiments conducted in D-³He-⁴He plasmas. Results show a directed propagation of the mode converted ion Bernstein waves, in correlation with the antenna phasing.