TY - JOUR
T1 - Linking lidar multiple scattering profiles to snow depth and snow density
T2 - an analytical radiative transfer analysis and the implications for remote sensing of snow
AU - Hu, Yongxiang
AU - Lu, Xiaomei
AU - Zeng, Xubin
AU - Gatebe, Charles
AU - Fu, Qiang
AU - Yang, Ping
AU - Weimer, Carl
AU - Stamnes, Snorre
AU - Baize, Rosemary
AU - Omar, Ali
AU - Creary, Garfield
AU - Ashraf, Anum
AU - Stamnes, Knut
AU - Huang, Yuping
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 United States Government as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Xubin Zeng, Qiang Fu, Ping Yang, Carl Weimer, Knut Stamnes, and Yuping Huang.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Lidar multiple scattering measurements provide the probability distribution of the distance laser light travels inside snow. Based on an analytic two-stream radiative transfer solution, the present study demonstrates why/how these lidar measurements can be used to derive snow depth and snow density. In particular, for a laser wavelength with little snow absorption, an analytical radiative transfer solution is leveraged to prove that the physical snow depth is half of the average distance photons travel inside snow and that the relationship linking lidar measurements and the extinction coefficient of the snow is valid. Theoretical formulas that link lidar measurements to the extinction coefficient and the effective grain size of snow are provided. Snow density can also be derived from the multi-wavelength lidar measurements of the snow extinction coefficient and snow effective grain size. Alternatively, lidars can provide the most direct snow density measurements and the effective discrimination between snow and trees by adding vibrational Raman scattering channels.
AB - Lidar multiple scattering measurements provide the probability distribution of the distance laser light travels inside snow. Based on an analytic two-stream radiative transfer solution, the present study demonstrates why/how these lidar measurements can be used to derive snow depth and snow density. In particular, for a laser wavelength with little snow absorption, an analytical radiative transfer solution is leveraged to prove that the physical snow depth is half of the average distance photons travel inside snow and that the relationship linking lidar measurements and the extinction coefficient of the snow is valid. Theoretical formulas that link lidar measurements to the extinction coefficient and the effective grain size of snow are provided. Snow density can also be derived from the multi-wavelength lidar measurements of the snow extinction coefficient and snow effective grain size. Alternatively, lidars can provide the most direct snow density measurements and the effective discrimination between snow and trees by adding vibrational Raman scattering channels.
KW - lidar
KW - multiple scattering
KW - path length distribution
KW - snow density
KW - snow depth
KW - snow grain size
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U2 - 10.3389/frsen.2023.1202234
DO - 10.3389/frsen.2023.1202234
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85179139282
VL - 4
JO - Frontiers in Remote Sensing
JF - Frontiers in Remote Sensing
M1 - 1202234
ER -