Load-bearing biodegradable polycaprolactone-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)- beta tri-calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration

A biodegradable scaffold with tissue ingrowth and load-bearing capabilities is required to accelerate the healing of bone defects. However, it is difficult to maintain the mechanical properties as well as biodegradability and porosity (necessary for bone ingrowth) at the same time. Therefore, in the present study, polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA5050) were mixed in varying ratio and incorporated with 20 wt.% beta tri-calcium phosphate (βTCP). The mixture was shaped under pressure into originally nonporous cylindrical constructs. It is envisioned that the fabricated constructs will develop porosity with the time-dependent biodegradation of the polymer blend. The mechanical properties will be sustained since the decrease in mechanical properties associated with the dissolution of the PLGA, and the formation of the porous structure will be compensated with the new bone formation and ingrowth. To prove the hypothesis, we have systematically studied the effects of samples composition on the time-dependent dissolution behavior, pore formation, and mechanical properties of the engineered samples, in vitro. The highest initial (of as-prepared samples) values of the yield strength (0.021 ± 0.002 GPa) and the Young's modulus (0.829 ± 0.096 GPa) were exhibited by the samples containing 75 wt.% of PLGA. Increase of the PLGA concentration from 25 to 75 wt.% increased the rate of biodegradation by a factor of 3 upon 2 weeks in phosphate buffered saline (1 × PBS). The overall porosity and the pore sizes increased with the dissolution time indicating that the formation of in situ pores can indeed enable the migration of cells followed by vascularization and bone growth.