Multi-stage planning of clean resources and energy storage assets with hybrid uncertainty modeling for low-carbon resilient distribution systems

Climate change drives the urgent need for low-carbon and resilient energy system transitions. However, current planning methods ignore the inherent conflicts between carbon emission reduction and resilience enhancement, failing to optimally balance asset allocation for both aspects. They also neglect the long-term dynamic and stochastic nature of transitions, exposing systems to hybrid uncertainties. This paper presents a multi-stage dynamic planning method for clean resources and energy storage assets in power distribution networks. First, to facilitate low-carbon and resilient transitions, adaptive, stage-wise planning decisions are optimally determined under various planning strategies to mitigate risks stemming from hybrid uncertainties. Second, to precisely quantify the impact of hybrid uncertainties on decision-making, a systematic hybrid-uncertainty modeling approach is designed to capture short- and long-term uncertainties arising from both exogenous and endogenous factors. Third, to alleviate computational complexity, a decomposition-based stochastic dynamic dual integer programming method with augmented cut generation is introduced, which decomposes the original problem into stage-wise subproblems coordinated through forward and backward steps. Numerical results show that the proposed method generates cost-effective planning schemes, yielding $60 K in savings and reducing carbon emissions by 3853 tons. The method also demonstrates strong scalability, with a 52% reduction in solution time for large-scale planning problems.