Nanostructured surfaces from high-density grafted poly (acrylic acid) with liquid-like property

Nanostructured surfaces have unique properties that can be used in many applications. Among different methods on creating nanostructured surfaces, we successfully assembled various nanostructures on one and the same high-density poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) grafted surfaces by conducting vacuum-mediated rapid phase separation in appropriately selected solvents. This not only increased the efficiency of creating surfaces with multiple structure patterns, also such nanostructured surfaces had improved biocompatibility and demonstrated liquid-like properties. Conducted experiments also proved that lanthanide ion Ce immobilized on nanostructured PAA grafted surfaces behaved the same as in the aqueous solution, attaining high illumination. In addition, good cell stretching and attaching experiment also present its potential in tissue engineering applications.