Nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy (NEWS) techniques to discern material damage, Part I: Nonlinear wave modula-tion spectroscopy (NWMS)

K. E.A.Van Den Abeele, P. A. Johnson, A. Sutin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

613 Scopus citations

Abstract

The level of nonlinearity in the elastic response of materials containing structural damage is far greater than in materials with no structural damage. This is the basis for nonlin-ear wave diagnostics of damage, methods which are remarkably sensitive to the detection and progression of damage in materials. Nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy (NWMS) is one exemplary method in this class of dynamic nondestructive evaluation techniques. The method focuses on the application of harmonics and sum and difference frequency to discern damage in materials. It consists of exciting a sample with continuous waves of two separate frequencies simultaneously, and inspecting the harmonics of the two waves, and their sum and difference frequencies (sidebands). Undamaged materials are essentially linear in their response to the two waves, while the same material, when damaged, becomes highly nonlinear, manifested by har-monics and sideband generation. We illustrate the method by experiments on uncracked and cracked Plexiglas and sandstone samples, and by applying it to intact and damaged engine com-ponents.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)17-30
Number of pages14
JournalResearch in Nondestructive Evaluation
Volume12
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 2000

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