Opportunities and challenges in cathode development for non-lithium-ion batteries

Haegyeom Kim, Jae Chul Kim

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Lithium (Li)-ion batteries have stimulated the societal transformation to clean energy systems. This carry-on electricity is revolutionizing how society communicates, functions, and evolves efficiently by enabling mobile electronics, zero-emission electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage. In preparation for the sustainable energy future, however, there are growing concerns about depleting critical elements used in the Li technology (e.g., lithium, cobalt, and nickel), especially for large-scale applications that will accelerate the rate of elemental consumption. Various non-Li-based rechargeable batteries composed of earth-abundant elements, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, have been proposed and explored as alternative systems to promote sustainable development of energy storage. In this perspective, we discuss challenges in Li-ion batteries in the sustainability aspect and provide our opinions on the potential applications of non-Li-based batteries. We also highlight the current status, important progress, and remaining challenges of the Li-alternative technologies.

Original languageEnglish
Article number100232
JournaleScience
Volume4
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2024

Keywords

  • Batteries
  • Energy storage
  • Lithium
  • Multi-valent
  • Potassium
  • Sodium

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