TY - JOUR
T1 - Probabilistic Analysis of a Nailed Wall
T2 - Use of the Random Field Theory and Ordered Weighted Averaging Method
AU - Dastpak, Pooya
AU - Sousa, Rita L.
AU - Salles-Najar, Farzaneh
AU - Javankhoshdel, Sina
AU - Dias, Daniel
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
PY - 2024/12/1
Y1 - 2024/12/1
N2 - This study aimed to emphasize the significance of spatial variability in soil strength parameters on the behavior of nailed walls, highlighting the necessity of probabilistic design approaches. The investigation involved a 7.2-m nailed wall reinforced with five nails, simulated using the local average subdivision random field theory combined with the limit equilibrium method and the FEM, known as the random limit equilibrium method (RLEM) and the random finite-element method (RFEM) approaches. Initially, the wall stability was evaluated by RLEM using 10,000 Latin hypercube sampling realizations. The wall was globally stable among all samples for a correlation length equal to its height (7.2 m). The wall behavior, associated displacements, moments, wall shear forces, nail axial forces, and ground settlements were examined using RFEM. The RFEM analysis reveals that different random fields influence the maximum displacement (Hmax), maximum moment (Mmax), and maximum shear force (Vmax) experienced by the wall. The cumulative distribution function plots were generated for the wall critical parameters, including Hmax, Mmax, and Vmax. Leveraging the simple weighted averaging and ordered weighted averaging techniques, different combinations of Hmax, Mmax, and Vmax were assessed with varying weight assumptions. This allowed us to identify critical random field realizations and estimate the level of risk using a newly introduced parameter, the decision index. Finally, the effect of different correlation lengths (isotropic and anisotropic) for two different coefficients of variation of soil strength parameters on the distribution of Hmax, Mmax, and Vmax was studied. The findings highlight the importance of considering the spatial variability of soil properties to achieve a reliable design of nailed walls.
AB - This study aimed to emphasize the significance of spatial variability in soil strength parameters on the behavior of nailed walls, highlighting the necessity of probabilistic design approaches. The investigation involved a 7.2-m nailed wall reinforced with five nails, simulated using the local average subdivision random field theory combined with the limit equilibrium method and the FEM, known as the random limit equilibrium method (RLEM) and the random finite-element method (RFEM) approaches. Initially, the wall stability was evaluated by RLEM using 10,000 Latin hypercube sampling realizations. The wall was globally stable among all samples for a correlation length equal to its height (7.2 m). The wall behavior, associated displacements, moments, wall shear forces, nail axial forces, and ground settlements were examined using RFEM. The RFEM analysis reveals that different random fields influence the maximum displacement (Hmax), maximum moment (Mmax), and maximum shear force (Vmax) experienced by the wall. The cumulative distribution function plots were generated for the wall critical parameters, including Hmax, Mmax, and Vmax. Leveraging the simple weighted averaging and ordered weighted averaging techniques, different combinations of Hmax, Mmax, and Vmax were assessed with varying weight assumptions. This allowed us to identify critical random field realizations and estimate the level of risk using a newly introduced parameter, the decision index. Finally, the effect of different correlation lengths (isotropic and anisotropic) for two different coefficients of variation of soil strength parameters on the distribution of Hmax, Mmax, and Vmax was studied. The findings highlight the importance of considering the spatial variability of soil properties to achieve a reliable design of nailed walls.
KW - Nailed wall
KW - Ordered weighted averaging (OWA)
KW - Random finite-element method (RFEM)
KW - Random limit equilibrium method (RLEM)
KW - Reinforced soil
KW - Spatial variability
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U2 - 10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-9887
DO - 10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-9887
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85212422703
SN - 1532-3641
VL - 24
JO - International Journal of Geomechanics
JF - International Journal of Geomechanics
IS - 12
M1 - 04024293
ER -