Quantum-Position-Locked Loop: Breakthrough in Collaborative Aerial Beamforming Overcoming Dynamics in UAV Hovering and Vibration Control

Future advances in aerial-based communication infrastructures require distributed and collaborative individual unmanned aerial systems (UASs) functioning as synchronized and harmonious swarms to perform high-precision tasks like beamforming or Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO). Collaborative unmanned aerial systems (UASs)-assisted distributed beamforming holds promise for improving spectrum efficiency system resilience, however, faces electronic and mechanical challenges. We propose a novel and promising quantum computation method for formulating a distributed beam-reforming for hoveringimpaired UAS-assisted systems. To overcome the limitations in the current state-of-the-art distributed beam-forming system due to hovering and positioning uncertainties, we introduce a new concept of quantum-position-lock loop (Q-P-LL) for higher-order unconstrained optimization and achieve real-time positioning and accurate tracing of UASs. Q-P-LL relies on quantum superposition, entanglement, and amplitude amplification to detect the states of UASs in achieving more efficient and error-tolerant collaborative positioning detection. We demonstrate the feasibility of Q-P-LL by constructing a quantum computing network, which overcomes the beam distortion in rapidly changing UASs states due to hovering. Based on the distorted beamform, Q-P-LL dynamically collects the real-time positioning information and uses quantum phase inversion and measurement circuits to predict a joint positioning control signal for beam-reforming. Q-P-LL presents a new quantum search algorithm for global optimization and provides a quadratic speedup. Q-P-LL is tested in terms of accuracy in the produced radiation pattern and is examined by estimating the mean and standard deviation of the divergence of the main lobe and null directions. The results clarify that Q-P-LL significantly reduces beam distortion in real-time and enables reliable airborne distributed beamforming for the first time.