TY - JOUR
T1 - Sideband Peak Count in a Vibro-Acoustic Modulation Method for Crack Detection
AU - Alnutayfat, Abdullah
AU - Hassiotis, Sophia
AU - Liu, Dong
AU - Sutin, Alexander
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - This paper presents a new method of signal processing for vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) methods in order to detect damage accumulation in steel samples. Damage in the tested samples was produced by cycle loading, which, with a small amplitude, was used as a pump wave to modulate an ultrasonic probe wave. Multiple sideband peaks were observed, which were used to characterize the modulation effect. We propose the effectiveness sideband peak number (SPN) method as an indicator of any damage accumulation when the load cycle is applied. Moreover, after comparing the SPN with the previously used modulation index (MI), we concluded that, for some of the samples, the SPN provided better damage indication than the MI. The presented results can be explained by a simple model of bilinear crack nonlinearity. This model demonstrates that the amplitude dependences of the sideband components on the pump and the probe wave amplitudes are very different from the quadratic crack model that is usually used for MI test explanation.
AB - This paper presents a new method of signal processing for vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) methods in order to detect damage accumulation in steel samples. Damage in the tested samples was produced by cycle loading, which, with a small amplitude, was used as a pump wave to modulate an ultrasonic probe wave. Multiple sideband peaks were observed, which were used to characterize the modulation effect. We propose the effectiveness sideband peak number (SPN) method as an indicator of any damage accumulation when the load cycle is applied. Moreover, after comparing the SPN with the previously used modulation index (MI), we concluded that, for some of the samples, the SPN provided better damage indication than the MI. The presented results can be explained by a simple model of bilinear crack nonlinearity. This model demonstrates that the amplitude dependences of the sideband components on the pump and the probe wave amplitudes are very different from the quadratic crack model that is usually used for MI test explanation.
KW - A108 steel
KW - crack detection
KW - nonlinear acoustic NDE
KW - vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM)
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U2 - 10.3390/acoustics4010005
DO - 10.3390/acoustics4010005
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85129298067
VL - 4
SP - 74
EP - 86
JO - Acoustics
JF - Acoustics
IS - 1
ER -