The cognitive basis for virtual reality rehabilitation of upper-extremity motor function after neurotraumas

This paper aims to present previous works in augmented sensory guidance for motor learning and psychophysiological factors and contextualize how these approaches may facilitate greater optimization of motor rehabilitation after neurotraumas with virtual reality. Through library resources at Stevens Institute of Technology, we searched for related works using multiple electronic databases and search engines with a medical focus (detailed in the paper). Searches were for articles published between 1980 and 2023 examining upper extremity rehabilitation, virtual reality, cognition, and modes and features of sensory feedback (specific search terms detailed in the paper). Strategic activation of sensory modalities for augmented guidance using virtual reality may improve motor training to develop further skill retention in persons suffering from impulsive neurological damage. Features with unique motor learning characteristics to consider with augmented feedback signals include representation, timing, complexity, and intermittency. Furthermore, monitoring psychophysiological factors (e.g., sense of agency, cognitive loading, attention) that represent mental and psychological processes may assist in critically evaluating novel designs in computerized rehabilitation. Virtual reality approaches should better incorporate augmented sensory feedback and leverage psychophysiological factors to advance motor rehabilitation after neurotraumas.