The role of peri-implant strains in dental implant systems: a narrative review

Saul Weiner, Rafiullah Bashiri, Hongjun Wang

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this narrative is to review the significant biomechanical aspects of implant systems, describing the stresses and strains associated with their functional roles in oral rehabilitations. Background: During the early development of dental implant systems, the integration of the implant within the jawbone was the primary concern of most investigators and clinicians. Currently, with successful integration rates of greater than 90%, the biomechanics of the implant system is receiving more attention. A better understanding of the biomechanics will allow greater simplification and encourage more general practitioners to restore dental implants. Methods: This narrative systematically describes the role of each component of the oral implant system and its biomechanical relationship with functional oral activities. The most common implant systems include a crown, abutment, implant and connecting screw. Intrinsic and extrinsic jaw movements and tooth contacts during mastication, speech and deglutition subject implant systems to complex forces. In addition, jaw movements during centrally mediated dyskinesias associated with stress, sleep and neurological disorders can also enhance these forces on intraoral implant systems. A number of strategies have been developed seeking mechanical stability of the crown, the raison d’etre of the implant system, including its shape and size as well as its morphology. The abutment, upon which the crown rests, connects the crown with the implant and is stabilized with a screw, which upon tightening, develops a preload at the interface between abutment and the implant to prevent displacement. Finally, the design of the implant, its form, taper and thread pattern that are important for its integration within the jaw bone is also a significant factor for the functional stability of the implant system. Conclusions: The implant systems available today have been extensively studied and are able to function effectively in the oral cavity.

Original languageEnglish
Article number19
JournalFrontiers of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine
Volume5
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jun 2023

Keywords

  • Dental implant
  • bone-implant integration
  • implant abutments
  • implant biomechanics
  • peri-implant strain

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