The Secret Life of Bots in Pull Requests: An Empirical Study based on Apache Projects

  • Chenhao Wei
  • , Lu Xiao
  • , Ting Liao
  • , Yutong Zhao

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

Abstract

Bots are increasingly used in software development for automation and collaboration, particularly in open-source communities like Apache. However, their role in Pull Request (PR) processing is not well understood. This study analyzed 128 Apache Foundation projects with active GitHub repositories, examining 16,989 PRs and 436,057 atomic activities. We identified 29 Bot accounts and 22,208 Bot activities through semi-automated methods. Our analysis addresses four key questions about Bot adoption, usage, behavior, and interaction with developers in PRs. Bots were adopted in 30% of Apache projects, primarily for Build Management, PR Management, and Quality Checking. While commenting is the most common activity (77.1%), most comments (76%) remain technical rather than conversational. Our study highlights the current state of Bot use in PRs and identifies areas for improved automation and intelligence in Bot design.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationProceedings - 2025 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Bots in Software Engineering, BotSE 2025
Pages33-37
Number of pages5
ISBN (Electronic)9798331527082
DOIs
StatePublished - 2025
Event6th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Bots in Software Engineering, BotSE 2025 - Ottawa, Canada
Duration: 27 Apr 2025 → …

Publication series

NameProceedings - 2025 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Bots in Software Engineering, BotSE 2025

Conference

Conference6th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Bots in Software Engineering, BotSE 2025
Country/TerritoryCanada
CityOttawa
Period27/04/25 → …

Keywords

  • Open-Source Software
  • pull request
  • software bots
  • software engineering

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