TY - JOUR
T1 - Thermodynamic properties of carbon–phenolic gas mixtures
AU - Scoggins, James
AU - Rabinovitch, Jason
AU - Barros-Fernandez, Benjamin
AU - Martin, Alexandre
AU - Lachaud, Jean
AU - Jaffe, Richard
AU - Mansour, Nagi
AU - Blanquart, Guillaume
AU - Magin, Thierry
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS
PY - 2017/7/1
Y1 - 2017/7/1
N2 - Accurate thermodynamic properties for species found in carbon–phenolic gas mixtures are essential in predicting material response and heating of carbon–phenolic heat shields of planetary entry vehicles. A review of available thermodynamic data for species found in mixtures of carbon–phenolic pyrolysis and ablation gases and atmospheres rich with C, H, O, and N such as those of Earth, Mars, Titan, and Venus, is performed. Over 1200 unique chemical species are identified from four widely used thermodynamic databases and a systematic procedure is described for combining these data into a comprehensive model. The detailed dataset is then compared with the Chemical Equilibrium with Applications thermodynamic database developed by NASA in order to quantify the differences in equilibrium thermodynamic properties obtained with the two databases. In addition, a consistent reduction methodology using the mixture thermodynamic properties as an objective function is developed to generate reduced species sets for a variety of temperature, pressure, and elemental composition spaces. It is found that 32 and 23 species are required to model carbon–phenolic pyrolysis gases mixed with air and CO2, respectively, to maintain a maximum error in thermodynamic quantities below 10%.
AB - Accurate thermodynamic properties for species found in carbon–phenolic gas mixtures are essential in predicting material response and heating of carbon–phenolic heat shields of planetary entry vehicles. A review of available thermodynamic data for species found in mixtures of carbon–phenolic pyrolysis and ablation gases and atmospheres rich with C, H, O, and N such as those of Earth, Mars, Titan, and Venus, is performed. Over 1200 unique chemical species are identified from four widely used thermodynamic databases and a systematic procedure is described for combining these data into a comprehensive model. The detailed dataset is then compared with the Chemical Equilibrium with Applications thermodynamic database developed by NASA in order to quantify the differences in equilibrium thermodynamic properties obtained with the two databases. In addition, a consistent reduction methodology using the mixture thermodynamic properties as an objective function is developed to generate reduced species sets for a variety of temperature, pressure, and elemental composition spaces. It is found that 32 and 23 species are required to model carbon–phenolic pyrolysis gases mixed with air and CO2, respectively, to maintain a maximum error in thermodynamic quantities below 10%.
KW - Ablation
KW - Carbon–phenolic
KW - Pyrolysis
KW - Re-entry vehicles
KW - Thermal protection materials
KW - Thermodynamics
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ast.2017.02.025
DO - 10.1016/j.ast.2017.02.025
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85016150600
SN - 1270-9638
VL - 66
SP - 177
EP - 192
JO - Aerospace Science and Technology
JF - Aerospace Science and Technology
ER -