TY - JOUR
T1 - Triaryl-substituted schiff bases are high-affinity subtype-selective ligands for the estrogen receptor
AU - Liao, Zong Quan
AU - Dong, Chune
AU - Carlson, Kathryn E.
AU - Srinivasan, Sathish
AU - Nwachukwu, Jerome C.
AU - Chesnut, Robert W.
AU - Sharma, Abhishek
AU - Nettles, Kendall W.
AU - Katzenellenbogen, John A.
AU - Zhou, Hai Bing
PY - 2014/4/24
Y1 - 2014/4/24
N2 - We have explored the isoelectronic replacement of the C=C double bond found at the core of many nonsteroidal estrogen ligands with a simple Schiff base (C=N). Di- and triaryl-substituted imine derivatives were conveniently prepared by the condensation of benzophenones with various anilines without the need for phenolic hydroxy protection. Most of these imines demonstrated high affinity for the estrogen receptors, which, in some cases exceeded that of estradiol. In cell-based assays, these imines profiled as ERα agonists but as ERβ antagonists, showing preferential reliance on the N-terminal activation function (AF1), which is more active in ERα. X-ray analysis revealed that the triaryl-imines distort the ligand-binding pocket in a new way: by controlling the separation of helices 3 and 11, which appears to alter the C-terminal AF2 surface that binds transcriptional coactivators. This work suggests that C=N for C=C substitution might be more widely considered as a general strategy for preparing drug analogues.
AB - We have explored the isoelectronic replacement of the C=C double bond found at the core of many nonsteroidal estrogen ligands with a simple Schiff base (C=N). Di- and triaryl-substituted imine derivatives were conveniently prepared by the condensation of benzophenones with various anilines without the need for phenolic hydroxy protection. Most of these imines demonstrated high affinity for the estrogen receptors, which, in some cases exceeded that of estradiol. In cell-based assays, these imines profiled as ERα agonists but as ERβ antagonists, showing preferential reliance on the N-terminal activation function (AF1), which is more active in ERα. X-ray analysis revealed that the triaryl-imines distort the ligand-binding pocket in a new way: by controlling the separation of helices 3 and 11, which appears to alter the C-terminal AF2 surface that binds transcriptional coactivators. This work suggests that C=N for C=C substitution might be more widely considered as a general strategy for preparing drug analogues.
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U2 - 10.1021/jm500268j
DO - 10.1021/jm500268j
M3 - Article
C2 - 24708493
AN - SCOPUS:84899584090
SN - 0022-2623
VL - 57
SP - 3532
EP - 3545
JO - Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
JF - Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
IS - 8
ER -