Where do they do engineering? Gender differences in employment at the position level among engineering doctorate recipients

This paper examines gender differences among engineering doctorate recipients in employment in seven types of positions in a multivariate context: academic research, teaching, non-faculty academic positions; industrial research, non-research industrial positions; government research, and non-research government positions. Multinomial logistic regression analyses show gender differences in employment and highlight sex segregation in several positions, especially industrial research. Women are more likely than men to be in academic research, teaching, government research, and non-research government positions relative to industrial research. The results confirm the findings in sex segregation literature that men and women are sorted into different positions based on the status and pay of the positions but also provide new insights in the context of a highly educated engineering workforce. Limitations and policy implications are also discussed.